• vt. 釘；使固定；揭露
• n. [解剖] 指甲；釘子
• n. (Nail)人名；(法)納伊；(土、阿拉伯、羅)納伊爾

來自PIE*nogh,指甲，爪子，詞源同unguent,onyx.引申詞義釘子。拼寫比較rule,regulate.

nail

nail: [OE] The Indo-European ancestor of nail was *nogh- or *onogh-. The latter was the source of Latin unguis (which evolved into French ongle and Italian unghia and has given English ungulate [19]) and Greek ónux (source of English onyx). Both these strands refer only to the sort of nails that grow on fingers and toes, but the Germanic branch of the family (which has come from *nogh- through a prehistoric Germanic *naglaz) has differentiated into a ‘fastening pin’ – originally of wood, latterly of metal.

Hence English nail and German nagel cover both meanings (although Dutch and Swedish nagel and Danish negl are used only for the anatomical ‘nail’).
=> onyx, ungulate

nail (n.)

Old English negel "metal pin," n?gl "fingernail (handn?gl), toenail," from Proto-Germanic *naglaz (cognates: Old Norse nagl "fingernail," nagli "metal nail;" Old Saxon and Old High German nagel, Old Frisian neil, Middle Dutch naghel, Dutch nagel, German Nagel "fingernail, small metal spike"), from PIE root *(o)nogh "nail" (cognates: Greek onyx "claw, fingernail;" Latin unguis "nail, claw;" Old Church Slavonic noga "foot," noguti "nail, claw;" Lithuanian naga "hoof," nagutis "fingernail;" Old Irish ingen, Old Welsh eguin "nail, claw").

The "fingernail" sense seems to be the original one. Nail polish attested from 1891. To bite one's nails as a sign of anxiety is attested from 1570s. Nail-biting is from 1805. Hard as nails is from 1828. To hit the nail on the head "say or do just the right thing" is first recorded 1520s. Phrase on the nail "on the spot, exactly" is from 1590s, of obscure origin; OED says it is not even certain it belongs to this sense of nail.

nail (v.)

Old English n?glian "to fasten with nails," from Proto-Germanic *ganaglijan (cognates: Old Saxon neglian, Old Norse negla, Old High German negilen, German nageln, Gothic ganagljan "to nail"), from the root of nail (n.). Related: Nailed; nailing. Meaning "to catch, seize" is first recorded 1766, probably from earlier sense "to keep fixed in a certain position" (1610s). Meaning "to succeed in hitting" is from 1886. To nail down "to fix down with nails" is from 1660s.

1. He fought tooth and nail to keep his job.

他竭盡全力保住自己的工作。

來自柯林斯例句

2. A mirror hung on a nail above the washstand.

臉盆架上方用釘子掛著一面鏡子。

來自柯林斯例句

3. One dip into the bottle should do an entire nail.

往瓶子里蘸一下的量就應該能涂滿整個指甲。

來自柯林斯例句

4. The glitterati of Hollywood are flocking to Janet Vaughan's nail salon.

眾多的好萊塢名流都去光顧珍妮特·沃恩的美甲店。

來自柯林斯例句

5. I held it still and drove in a nail.

我穩穩地拿著它將釘子釘了進去。

來自柯林斯例句