首頁英語詞典harshharsh的意思

harsh

?? 發(fā)布時間：2026-07-03 06:02:30

英 [hɑ??] 美[hɑr?]

英英釋義同義詞辨析考試真題實用場景例句

近義詞strict curt bitter stern sharp brusque tough piercing severe gruff unfeeling cruel

反義詞

adj. 嚴厲的；嚴酷的；刺耳的；粗糙的；刺目的
n. (Harsh)人名；(英)哈什

CET4TEM4IELTSGRE考研TOEFLCET6中低頻詞核心詞匯

詞態(tài)變化

比較級:?harsher;最高級:?harshest;副詞:?harshly;名詞:?harshness;

助記提示

1. hair => harsh, literally "hairy".
2. hair => har- + -sh => harsh.
3. 根據(jù)詞源可以看成是 hairish 簡化、縮略而來。字母i都被略掉。
4. 所以，該詞的字面含義是“多毛的”，由此引申為“粗糙的、毛糙的”，后來又進一步引申為“聲音非常的粗糙”，即聲音“刺耳的、難聽的”，后來又引伸出“環(huán)境非常的粗糙”，即“嚴酷的、嚴峻的、艱苦的”。

中文詞源

harsh 殘酷的，嚴厲的

可能來自PIE*kars,刮，拔，梳理羊毛，詞源同card,carduus(拉丁語，薊),chard(多刺葉甜菜).原用于形容織物多毛的，粗糙的，引申詞義殘酷的，嚴厲的。

英文詞源

harsh: harsh: [16] Harsh originally meant ‘hairy’. Its ancestor, Middle Low German harsch, was a derivative of the noun haer ‘hair’, and its exact English equivalent would have been hairish. By the time English acquired it, it had broadened out in meaning to ‘rough’, both literally and figuratively.
harsh (adj.): originally of texture, "hairy," 1530s, probably from Middle English harske "rough, coarse, sour" (c. 1300), a northern word of Scandinavian origin (compare Danish and Norwegian harsk "rancid, rank"), related to Middle Low German harsch "rough, raw," German harst "a rake;" perhaps from PIE root *kars- "to scrape, scratch, rub, card" (cognates: Lithuanian karsiu "to comb," Old Church Slavonic krasta, Russian korosta "to itch," Latin carduus "thistle," Sanskrit kasati "rubs, scratches"). Meaning "offensive to feelings" is from 1570s; that of "disagreeable, rude" from 1610s.
harsh (v.): 1580s, "sound harshly," from harsh (adj.). Meaning "make harsh, subject to harshness" is by 1991. Related: Harshed; harshing. Harshen is attested from 1821.

雙語例句

1. His voice was harsh as he enunciated each word carefully.: 他一字一頓，聽上去很生硬。

2. The light's a bit too harsh. You can turn it off.: 燈光有點太刺眼了。你可以把燈關掉。

3. I hope you won'tbe too harsh with the girl.: 希望你不要對那個女孩太嚴厲。

4. The fabric is strong enough to withstand harsh processing.: 這種織物非常結實，能經(jīng)受粗加工。