harness

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英 ['hɑ?n?s] 美['hɑrn?s]

vt. 治理；套；駕馭；披上甲胄；利用
n. 馬具；甲胄；挽具狀帶子；降落傘背帶

CET4TEM8IELTSGRE考研TOEFLCET6低頻詞常用詞匯

詞態(tài)變化

復(fù)數(shù):?harnesses;第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù):?harnesses;過(guò)去式:?harnessed;過(guò)去分詞:?harnessed;現(xiàn)在分詞:?harnessing;

助記提示

1. perhaps from Old Norse *hernest "provisions for an army," from herr "army" (see harry) + nest "provisions" (see nostalgia).

中文詞源

harness 馬具，挽具，控制，利用

來(lái)自古法語(yǔ)harnois,武器，裝備，可能來(lái)自herr,軍隊(duì)，詞源同harry,here,拼寫(xiě)受名詞后綴-ness影響俗化。后由于戰(zhàn)馬的重要性引申詞義馬具，換具，以及動(dòng)詞詞義控制馬或其它家畜，現(xiàn)多用于指控制和利用自然。

英文詞源

harness: harness: [13] Etymologically, harness is ‘equipment for an army’. It comes via Old French herneis ‘military equipment’ from an unrecorded Old Norse *hernest, a compound formed from herr ‘a(chǎn)rmy’ (a descendant of prehistoric Germanic *kharjaz ‘crowd’ and related to English harangue, harbinger, harbour, and harry) and nest ‘provisions’.

English took it over in the general sense ‘equipment’, and did not apply it specifically to the straps, buckles, etc of a horse until the 14th century (it was originally used for any equestrian equipment, including reins, saddles, etc, but now it denotes exclusively the gear of a draught horse).
=> harangue, harbinger, harbour, harry, herald
harness (n.): c. 1300, "personal fighting equipment, body armor," also "armor or trappings of a war-horse," from Old French harnois, a noun of broad meaning: "arms, equipment; harness; male genitalia; tackle; household equipment" (12c.), of uncertain origin, perhaps from Old Norse *hernest "provisions for an army," from herr "army" (see harry (v.)) + nest "provisions" (see nostalgia). Non-military sense of "fittings for a beast of burden" is from early 14c. German Harnisch "harness, armor" is the French word, borrowed into Middle High German. The Celtic words are believed to be also from French, as are Spanish arnes, Portuguese arnez, Italian arnese. Prive harness (late 14c.) was a Middle English term for "sex organs."
harness (v.): "to put a harness on a draught animal," c. 1300, from Old French harneschier "make ready, equip, arm," from harnois (see harness (n.)); figurative sense "to control for use as power" is from 1690s. Related: Harnessed; harnessing.

雙語(yǔ)例句

1. He was almost strangled by his parachute harness straps.: 他差點(diǎn)被自己的降落傘吊帶勒死。

2. The vet had improvised a harness.: 獸醫(yī)臨時(shí)湊成了一副馬具。

3. to harness a horse: 給馬上挽具

4. Scientists have known how to harness the limitless power of the sun.: 科學(xué)家們已知道如何利用無(wú)窮盡的太陽(yáng)能.